1:1 my former book. The Gospel of Luke. Acts was addressed to the same patron, Theophilus (see Introduction to Luke: Recipient and Purpose). began to do and to teach. An apt summation of Luke’s Gospel, implying that Jesus’ work continues in Acts through his own personal interventions and the ministry of the Holy Spirit.

1:2 taken up to heaven. The last scene of Luke’s Gospel (24:50—52) and the opening scene of this second volume (vv. 6—11). The ascension occurred 40 days after the resurrection (v. 3). through the Holy Spirit. Jesus’ postresurrection instruction of his apostles was carried on through the Holy Spirit, and succeeding statements make it clear that what the apostles were to accomplish was likewise to be done through the Spirit (vv. 4-5,8; see Lk 24:49; Jn 20:22; see also Introduction to Judges: Theme and Theology). Luke characteristically stresses the Holy Spirit’s work and enabling power (e.g., v. 8; 2:4,17; 4:8,31; 5:3; 6:3,5; 7:55; 8:16; 9:17,31; 10:44; 13:2,4; 15:28; 16:6; 19:2,6; see note on Lk 4:1).

1:3 many convincing proofs. See the resurrection appearances (Mt 28:1—20; Lk 24:1—53; Jn 20:1—29; ICo 15:3—8). kingdom of God. The heart of Jesus’ preaching (see notes on Mt 3:2; Lk 4:43).

1:4 the gift my Father promised. The Holy Spirit (see Jn 14:26; 15:26—27; 16:12—13).

1:5 John baptized with water. See Lk 3:16. in a few days. The day of Pentecost came ten days later, when the baptism with the Holy Spirit occurred (2:1-4).